Seborrheic dermatitis - a fungal disease, which affects not only the scalp, but also to any other part of the body, where there are sebaceous glands. The most common seborrheic dermatitis on the face, but may be affected, and other parts of the body.
Lighter form - it is dandruff (dry seborrheic dermatitis), that everyone has 4-6 man. Most often the disease begins to develop in adulthood, beginning with 20 years and 50, most affected middle-aged people, to 40 years old. However, the ill and young people can, It may also appear seborrheic dermatitis in children, even in infants. If the sick newborn, he has a few other features - a rash, small flakes for ears, Then it can be symptoms of general malaise.
What you need to know about the structure of his body
Across the surface of human skin oil glands are located, they are not only on the palms and soles. Each gland has excretory duct, which is part of the hair follicle, so seborrhea can develop only in areas, where there is hair, any type.
Sebaceous gland constantly performs its function - produces sebum, which represents the dead cells itself gland, that, under the action of enzymes, acquire consistency, allows the passage of the duct and act on the surface of the skin.
Sebum is nourishment for the fungus, therefore at developing seborrheic dermatitis around the sebaceous gland duct begins to concentrate a large amount thereof. the, that the fat does not reach the skin, It causes shortly its enhanced production of, It begins imbalance of fat and moisture content of the skin.
the, that the strongest symptoms in lesions of the face, due to the fact, there are the largest gland.
The causes of the disease
Seborrheic dermatitis occurs, when on the skin in the affected areas begins to increase the concentration of the fungus. Initially, the microorganism (грибок Malassezia furfur) It is opportunistic, that is, it is present on the skin permanently, eating excesses of sebum and is in relative symbiosis with the human body. However, as conditions change and occurs conducive to factors, it can start to multiply.
This fungus is found in two forms:: oval and round. Scalp often affects Oval, all spread on the body.
When insufficiently thorough hair care, as well as the reasons, set out below, can begin to develop seborrheic dermatitis on the head. Slight peeling and tingling are often overlooked. The appearance of abundant dandruff may not always alert the person and force him to see a doctor. However, with the defeat of the fungus to eliminate dandruff conventional measures are often powerless, because the conditions for its reproduction are created by the body.
The following are the reasons, which is developing seborrheic dermatitis in adults, excluding heredity.
Balance number of opportunistic pathogens can disrupt the following reasons::
- hormonal disorders of various etiologies, endocrine disease
Among women, podverzhennыh seborrheic dermatitis, on examination often reveals an imbalance between testosterone and estrogen, exceeded the amount of testosterone. In the male, pathology expressed by changing the metabolism of testosterone, blood hormone metabolites are detected in a high concentration. Such phenomena may be congenital, or provoked other developing disease in the body. In women, these changes can occur after childbirth, or develop obesity. It is also not uncommon manifestation of the imbalance in the child during adolescence when hormonal changes the body.
- nerve disease, stresses.
It can play a role as the destruction of the autonomic, and central nervous systems. people, neuropath, psychoses, epilepsy probability of seborrheic dermatitis development is several times higher, than people with a healthy nervous system. This theory is supported by the results of research, from the sebaceous glands have receptors, that form the body's response to stimulation, strong emotions and other factors.
- low immunity
The body's immune system, which is in optimum condition, regulates the amount of symbiotic microorganisms. disease, changing the level of the body's ability to withstand external factors, chronic systemic diseases do seborrheic dermatitis constant, intractable state of human skin.
- gastrointestinal diseases, especially chronic
Any violation of the digestive primarily affects the microbial balance, living in the gut. They promote better digestion of food, toxins, immunity alignment. In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, these important processes are broken or interrupted at all, the body begins the accumulation of unwanted substances, while pathogenic bacteria begin to proliferate. The reason for this may also be a worm infestation.
- chronic administration of certain drugs
Upset the balance of sebum production can:
- hormonal preparations (eg, glyukokortikosteroidы)
- anabolics (facilities, used for rapid muscle growth)
- some contraceptives.
- other violations, causing an imbalance between the body's systems.
This could include a dislike of hygiene at all, or, conversely, excessive use of alkaline and other means (eg, If dry hair is constantly applied shampoo for oily hair), as well as the passion for beauty treatments.
symptoms
Except the face and scalp, may develop seborrheic dermatitis on the border of hair growth, around the eyebrows and eyelashes.
Men may be affected by the chin and mustache.
Seborrheic dermatitis on the body most often localized on the chest. Sometimes it affects the groin and axillary folds.
In this case, there are:
- irritation and redness in the affected areas
- peeling, there are scales of different sizes
- rash, including acne
- hair loss, This phenomenon is often the appearance of dermatitis of the scalp in men
- itch, constantly scratching his head, even after washing (seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp).
You may receive an increased hair greasiness (it is more common in young women), or, conversely, scalp becomes too dry.
Seborrheic dermatitis develops slowly, however, if the listed symptoms pass by attention, may appear swelling of affected locations, cracks in the skin.
Peeling and severe itching gradually become permanent, begin to form flakes. Their size increases gradually, in severe cases they form plaques, and cover large surfaces.
If a, eg, combing, It will be entered infection, they can start to get wet, impregnated with blood and pus.
When infected with the affected areas can be formed rash papular character, located in seborrheic plaques, sometimes it takes the form of bubbles with bloody contents.
Features manifestations depend on the localization of lesions areas. Seborrheic dermatitis on the body can be caused by lesion location portion, type of hair follicles, number of sebaceous glands, etc..
Diagnosis and treatment
When you see the signs of skin, resembling described above, should consult a dermatologist. Treating seborrheic dermatitis requires accurate determination of the underlying causes of its origin.
For revealing of seborrheic dermatitis of the skin and its accurate diagnosis will be carried out:
- inspection of the affected areas and the whole body
All matters:
- body type
- the, where the most actively store fat
- the presence of female hirsutism
- region and forms of seborrheic dermatitis symptoms
- Checking the status of the lymph nodes.
- Talk to your doctor, where the patient will have to answer a lot of questions
At this stage diagnosis revealed the presence of a genetic predisposition, the presence of chronic, protracted, systemic diseases. Also, it turns out the frequency and periodicity of the onset of symptoms.
- laboratory research
Held biomaterial analysis of the patient:
- on sugar (blood)
- on hormones (blood)
- dysbacteriosis (mud).
- in the presence of the root causes of disease-appointed visiting other specialists.
If the results of tests revealed serious violations, eg, sugar is too high, the patient receives a referral to the appropriate specialist to determine the underlying disease and treatment measures. Without this disease, having a secondary character, can not be cured.
After all the procedures for the identification and exact definition of the disease the doctor decides, how to treat a patient.
Assigned resources from seborrheic dermatitis:
- antihistamines
- To reduce itching, swelling, irritation - loratadine, hloropiramin).
- Intramuscularly or intravenously to reduce painful sensitivity - Calcium gluconate, sodium tiosulyfat.
- antifungals.
If it affects the scalp shampoo treatment is carried out (This is especially effective, in the case of seborrhea, has not yet passed into the chronic form), can be recommended medical cream. The composition of medical cosmetics can be incorporated tar, salicylic acid, soothing ingredients. In order to successfully get rid of the disease need to visit specialists on doctor's advice, which conducted a general survey. Only in the process of general improvement and normalization of the internal organs, especially of the digestive system, Hair treatment will be successful.
As prescribed medicinal ointments (clotrimazole, fluconazole, There is also an ointment, combined with glucocorticoids).
- glyukokortikosteroidы
These drugs are prescribed for an inflammatory process, often in the form of ointments, however sometimes indications may be assigned to systemic use - as tablets. These drugs include hydrocortisone, mometasone.
- antibacterial agents if necessary
For neutralization joined bacterial infection, usually tetracycline antibiotics.
- keratolity
Used to accelerate the softening and rejection seborrheic scales and plaques (salicylic ointment, tsinkovaya, other the same action).
- diet
It is possible to eat palatable food, eliminate from the diet of fried, greasy, acute. All this will help to restore the protective functions of the liver, improve bowel function.
A good result gives cryotherapy (the impact on the affected area with cold). Regular repetition of procedures in combination with a course of treatment, prescribed by a doctor, It makes it quite quickly remove the symptoms of dermatitis and restore hair and skin a healthy look.
ultraviolet irradiation is also used, Duration of treatment should be agreed with the attending specialist.
In order to expand your own knowledge, you can visit the forums on the net, where there is always a lot of recipes for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis folk remedies. You can also find reviews of medication or medicated shampoos, but should always be considered in this case,, that drugs differently can act on different people and in different cases.
